Old Testament exegesis II

The objective of this course is to present exegetical problems pertinent to the prophetical literature of the Old Testament. Prophetical texts were often composed in poetic forms. With its peculiar vocabulary and in most cases specific linguistic structures, prophecy forms a distinctive type of literature in the Bible. In poetry we often deal with shorter pericopes that were composed independently from each other. These independent units were subsequently brought together by redactors in larger collections and books. As a consequence, the final forms of these texts superimpose several rhetorical and theological strata. Accordingly, the analysis of these texts takes its start from the final form and digs deeper towards recovering earlier meanings of the individual subunits.

As a case study, this course is concerned with the Book of Habakkuk in particular, which was composed probably sometime during the 6th century B.C. This prophetic book is connected to an era of utmost significance for Judah and its inhabitants. During this century the identity of its people is challanged by several important historical changes, such as the collapse of temple and society. But it was also the era of a national revival during which the ancient literary heritage of Judah was collected and reevaluated. The Book of Habakkuk illustrates well how this process of rereading opens up new questions for the interpretation. The course begins with an overview of the scholarship on Habakkuk, highlighting the main problems pertinent to this book, which shall be more closely dealt with when analysing the individual pericopes.

Competences

Specific competences

The course aims to develop the following competences:
  • the student is able to translate any text of the Hebrew Bible with the help of dictionaries, and interpret it with the help of the known exegetical methods;
  • the student is aware of the compositional history of the Book of Habakkuk;
  • understands the problems related to the history of composition, as well as their relevance for its interpretation;
  • the student is able to visually outline the logical structure of a complex biblical text;
  • is able to define the main line of thought and interpret the inner relationship of the sentences;
  • perceives the importance of genre and rhetorical features for the interpretation of a biblical text;
  • the student is able to localise the theological message of a particular pericope in the wider context of the Old Testament and the Bible.

General competences

In a more general sense, the course will contribute to develop the students ability:
  • to interpret a complex text;
  • to define the main line of thought of a text;
  • to identify the rhetorical features used by an author to convey a certain message;
  • to recognise factors playing a role in the history of the biblical text;
  • to take a critical stance towards texts, as well as its ancient or modern interpretations.

Course structure

  1. Introduction to the Book of Habakkuk

    The course gives an overview of the historical, literary and theological problems related to the Book of Habakkuk. Topics discussed also include the textual history of the Book, its ancient translations and early interpretations, in particular the Pesher of Habakkuk (1QpHab) as one of the earliest witnesses of this book's interpretational history.

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 41-43 (3)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 43-52 (10)
    • Dangl, Oskar: Habakkuk in Recent Research, 131-168 (38)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 1-4 (4)
    • Roberts, J. J. M.: Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A Commentary, 81-85 (5)
    • Karasszon Dezső: Habakuk könyve az újabb kutatás fényében, 254-261 (8)
  2. Habakkuk 1:1-4

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 44-52 (9)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 53-56 (4)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 9-11 (3)
    • Roberts, J. J. M.: Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A Commentary, 85-90 (6)
  3. Habakkuk 1:5-11

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 52-57 (6)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 56-60 (5)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 11-14 (4)
    • Roberts, J. J. M.: Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A Commentary, 91-100 (10)
  4. Habakkuk 1:12-17

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 57-61 (5)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 60-63 (4)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 14-17 (4)
    • Roberts, J. J. M.: Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A Commentary, 100-105 (6)
  5. Habakkuk 2:1-3

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 61-65 (5)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 63-65 (3)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 17-21 (5)
    • Roberts, J. J. M.: Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A Commentary, 105-110 (6)
  6. Habakkuk 2:4-6a

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 65-71 (7)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 66-71 (6)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 17-21 (5)
    • Roberts, J. J. M.: Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A Commentary, 111-118 (8)
    • Karasszon István: Egy sohasem élt próféta súlyos öröksége. Habakuk-tanulmányok, 132-133 (2)
  7. Habakkuk 2:6b-11

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 70-74 (5)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 71-72 (2)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 20-22 (3)
    • Roberts, J. J. M.: Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A Commentary, 118-122 (5)
    • Karasszon István: Egy sohasem élt próféta súlyos öröksége. Habakuk-tanulmányok, 109-112 (4) 135-137 (3)
    • Otto, Eckart: Die Stellung der Wehe-Worte in der Verkündigung des Propheten Habakuk, 73-107 (35)
  8. Habakkuk 2:12-20

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 74-81 (8)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 72-75 (4)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 22-24 (3)
    • Roberts, J. J. M.: Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A Commentary, 122-131 (10)
  9. Habakkuk 3:1-7

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 81-88 (8)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 75-78 (4)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 24-30 (7)
    • Karasszon István: Habakuk 3, 251-267 (17)
    • Watts, James W.: Psalmody in Prophecy. Habakkuk 3 in Context, 209-223 (15)
    • Hiebert, Theodore: God of my victory: the ancient hymn in Habakkuk 3, 1-205 (205)
    • Markl, Dominik: Hab 3 in intertextueller und kontextueller Sicht, 99-108 (10)
    • Anderson, J. E.: Awating an Answered Prayer: The Development and Reinterpretation of Habakkuk 3 in its Contexts, 57-71 (15)
    • Albright, William Foxwell: The Psalm of Habakkuk, 1-18 (18)
  10. Habakkuk 3:8-15

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 88-93 (6)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 78-81 (4)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 30-33 (4)
    • Karasszon István: Habakuk 3, 251-267 (17)
  11. Habakkuk 3:16-19

    Reading:

    • Perlitt, Lothar: Die Propheten Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 93-96 (4)
    • Seybold, Klaus: Nahum, Habakuk, Zephanja, 81-83 (3)
    • Kecskeméthy István: Kommentár a Tizenkét Kisprófétához. Habbakuk próféta könyve, 33-34 (2)
    • Karasszon István: Habakuk 3, 251-267 (17)
  12. The composition of the Book of Habakkuk (I)

    Reading:

    • Dietrich, Walter: Habakkuk: ein Jesajaschüler, 197-215 (19)
    • Ruiten, J. T. A. G. M. van: “His Master’s Voice?” The Supposed Influence of the Book of Isaiah in the Book of Habakkuk, 397-411 (15)
  13. The composition of the Book of Habakkuk (II)

    Reading:

    • Otto, Eckart: Die Theologie des Buches Habakuk, 274-295 (22)
    • Jeremias, Jörg: Kultprophetie und Gerichtsverkündigung in der späten Königszeit Israels, 1-214 (214)
    • Csaba Balogh: Survival of the Fittest: Habakkuk and the Changing Trail of the Prophetic Tradition, 27-44 (18)
  14. Evaluation

Total estimated time

Classroom study

  • 2 hours/week (Course: 2 | Seminar: 0 | Practice: 0)
  • 28 hours/semester (Course: 28 | Seminar: 0 | Practice: 0)

Individual study

  • Time for studying course notes and bibliography: 48 hours/semester.
  • Time for further documentation in libraries, electronic platforms, or on the field: 48 hours/semester.
  • Time for preparing essays, papers, or documentation: 0 hours/semester.
  • Time for personal tutoring: 2 hours/semester.
  • Total individual study: 98 hours/semester.
  • Total estimated time: 126 hours/semester.

Examination

The student is required to prepare and analyse the grammar and semantics of the Hebrew text of the pericope to be discussed during the courses (preparation). At the end of the course a final exam will be taken. The final mark is composed by regular preparatory activity (20%) and the final exam (80%).